:root{--ink:#172b39;--muted:#61717b;--paper:#f7f6f1;--surface:#fff;--line:#dce2df;--accent:#17665e;--accent-light:#e6f1ed;--nav:#142d36;--gold:#c19349;--warning:#7d4c1c;--sans:Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif;--serif:"Noto Serif SC","Songti SC",Georgia,serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:94px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{color:#0a403c}button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #cd9641;outline-offset:4px}::selection{background:#d5e9df}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5{line-height:1.35}p{margin:12px 0 18px}b,strong{font-weight:650}code,.math-inline{font-size:.94em}code{background:#edf0ec;padding:2px 4px;border-radius:3px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}pre{font-family:"SFMono-Regular",Consolas,monospace;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}#progress{height:3px;background:#65b39b;position:fixed;z-index:30;top:0;left:0;width:0}.skip{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:16px;padding:8px 20px;background:#fff;z-index:100}.skip:focus{top:10px}.topbar{height:75px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;background:#fcfcf8f5;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);z-index:20;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 32px;backdrop-filter:blur(12px)}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;font-weight:750;line-height:1.5}.brand small{display:block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:500}.brand-mark{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;line-height:42px;width:42px;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:var(--nav);border-radius:50%}.top-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;font-size:12px}.top-actions button{background:transparent;border:1px solid #c9d3ce;border-radius:4px;padding:4px 13px}.version-dot{color:var(--muted)}.version-dot:before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:#548b69;margin-right:7px}#toc-toggle{display:none}.sidebar{position:fixed;top:75px;left:0;bottom:0;width:284px;background:var(--nav);color:#dbe7e7;overflow-y:auto;padding:30px 20px 24px 26px;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#46616b transparent}.sidebar-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:1px;margin:0 0 22px}.sidebar-title span{display:block;color:#94abb0;font-size:10px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:1px;margin-top:1px}.sidebar nav a{display:block;color:#bfced1;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.4;font-size:11px;padding:7px 8px;border-left:2px solid transparent;margin:3px 0;transition:background .15s,color .15s}.sidebar nav a small{display:block;font-size:10px;line-height:1.5;color:#95abad;margin-top:3px}.sidebar nav a:hover,.sidebar nav a.active{color:#fff;background:#25434b;border-left-color:#83bea8}.sidebar nav a.active small{color:#c4dad4}.sidebar nav a.depth-3{padding-left:17px;font-size:10.5px}.sidebar nav a.depth-4{padding-left:27px;font-size:10px}.toc-group{color:#8aa6ac;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;margin:19px 7px 6px}.sidebar-foot{font-size:10px;color:#8ca7ac;line-height:1.8;margin:30px 7px 0;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid #34505a}main{max-width:1160px;margin:75px 40px 0 284px;padding:46px 58px 70px}.hero{padding:4px 0 28px}.eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:2px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:750;margin-bottom:23px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px}.eyebrow span{font-weight:500;letter-spacing:1px;color:#889189}h1{font-family:Georgia,var(--sans);font-size:clamp(30px,3.15vw,47px);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-1.3px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 23px;overflow-wrap:break-word}.subtitle{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:21px;color:#42585b;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:22px}.paper-meta{display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85}.hero-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin:24px 0 32px;font-size:12px}.hero-links a{text-decoration:none}.primary-link{background:var(--nav);color:white;padding:9px 16px;border-radius:3px}.primary-link:hover{background:#244751;color:white}.takeaway{background:var(--nav);color:#f0f5f2;padding:25px 29px 22px;border-radius:5px;position:relative}.takeaway:after{content:'↗';position:absolute;right:20px;top:18px;color:#759991;font-size:28px}.label{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:650}.takeaway .label{color:#9cc6b8}.takeaway p{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:20px;line-height:1.9;margin:11px 0 3px;max-width:95%}.abstract{padding:25px 0 8px}.abstract .label{color:var(--accent)}.abstract p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;color:#465963}.stat-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;margin:10px 0 22px;gap:14px}.stat-strip>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:20px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.stat-strip>div:first-child{padding-left:0}.stat-strip>div:last-child{border:0}.stat-strip strong{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:35px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3;color:var(--accent)}.stat-strip strong span{font:13px var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-left:3px}.stat-strip>div>span{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 0;font-size:13px}summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--accent);font-size:12px;font-weight:500}details p{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.version-note{border-top:0;background:#eef0e9;padding:12px 17px;border-radius:3px}.part-divider{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin:22px 0 38px;padding-top:32px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink)}.part-divider>span{font:44px Georgia,serif;color:#9caea8}.part-divider h2{font-size:24px;margin:0}.part-divider p{margin:6px 0 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.paper-section.level-2{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px 0 16px}.paper-section.level-2:first-of-type{border-top:0}.section-kicker{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:10px}.source{font-size:10px;white-space:nowrap;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.2px;text-decoration:none;color:#64847e}.source:hover{text-decoration:underline}h2{font-size:29px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:8px 0 22px}h3{font-size:21px;font-weight:600;margin:16px 0}h4{font-size:17px;font-weight:600;margin:20px 0 13px}h5{font-size:15px;font-weight:650;margin:23px 0 6px;color:#29483e}.zh-title{display:block;font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;font-size:.66em;letter-spacing:0;color:#6f7c78;margin-top:8px;line-height:1.5}.section-number{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent);margin-right:5px}.level-3{padding-top:29px;margin-top:22px;border-top:1px dashed #d7ddda}.level-4{padding:22px 0 0}.level-4>.section-kicker{display:none}.level-4>.zh-title{font-size:13px}.paragraph p{margin-top:7px}.note{padding:18px 21px;background:var(--accent-light);border-left:3px solid #5c9682;margin:23px 0 26px;font-size:14px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}.note strong{font-size:12px;color:#285e50}.note p{margin:7px 0 0;line-height:1.9;color:#355d52}.note.warning{background:#f9efdf;border-color:#be8f48}.note.warning strong,.note.warning p{color:var(--warning)}.concept-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:12px;margin:22px 0}.concept-grid>div{padding:18px 17px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fcfcf8;border-radius:4px}.concept-grid b{font-size:13px}.concept-grid p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:9px 0 0;line-height:1.85}.assumptions{padding-left:23px}.assumptions li{margin:0 0 14px;padding-left:7px}li{margin:9px 0}figure{margin:30px 0 32px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden}.figure-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;padding:13px 18px;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:#66857d;border-bottom:1px solid #edf0eb}.zoom{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding:12px;background:white;border:0}.zoom img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.zoom-hint{position:absolute;bottom:13px;right:15px;font-size:10px;background:#f2f5f1ed;border:1px solid #dce3dd;border-radius:3px;color:#537668;padding:2px 7px}.zoom:hover .zoom-hint{background:#e3ede3}.zoom:focus-visible{outline-offset:-4px}figcaption{padding:16px 21px 19px;background:#fcfcf9;border-top:1px solid #edf0eb;font-size:12px;color:#607068;line-height:1.85}figcaption strong{font-size:14px;color:#334f44}figcaption p{margin:7px 0 0}.read-figure{padding-top:10px;color:#325b4d}.data-table{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;margin:25px 0;overflow:hidden}.data-table>h4{padding:0 18px;font-size:15px}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;padding:0 16px}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;text-align:left}th{padding:10px 11px;border-bottom:2px solid #b7c7bd;color:#61736b;font-weight:650;font-size:11px;white-space:nowrap}td{padding:12px 11px;border-bottom:1px solid #e7ebe5;vertical-align:top}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#f8faf6}.risk{color:#a65a30}.table-note{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;margin:14px 18px}.data-table details{margin:0 18px 5px}.equation{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;margin:23px 0;padding:13px 20px 5px}.equation-label{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font-size:10px;color:#6e857b;letter-spacing:.5px}.equation-zoom{max-width:670px;margin:8px auto;padding:6px 0 9px}.equation-zoom img{max-height:88px;object-fit:contain}.equation p{font-size:13px;color:#5b6f65;line-height:1.9;margin:9px 0 13px}.equation details pre{background:#f4f5f0;padding:12px;font-size:12px}.review{margin:45px 0 0;padding-top:38px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink)}.review-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:22px;margin:26px 0 30px}.review-grid>div{padding:16px 21px;background:#eaf0e9;border-radius:4px}.review-grid>div:last-child{background:#f2ebdf}.review-grid h3{font-size:16px;margin:7px 0 12px}.review-grid p{font-size:13px;color:#4f6558}.review li,.review p{line-height:1.9}.review h3{margin-top:28px}.judgment-list{list-style:none;padding:0}.judgment-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:95px 1fr;gap:15px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.judgment-list p{font-size:13px;margin:5px 0;color:var(--muted)}.grade{border-radius:3px;font-size:10px;padding:5px 10px;height:max-content;text-align:center}.grade.solid{background:#dcebe0;color:#295e49}.grade.bounded{background:#e3e9ea;color:#45616a}.grade.weak{background:#f5e7d4;color:#906431}.grade.open{background:#ebe6df;color:#6f6558}#pseudocode{padding-top:36px;margin-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.code-label{background:#29434a;color:#c5d7d3;font-size:11px;padding:12px 20px;border-radius:5px 5px 0 0;letter-spacing:.5px}.pseudo{background:#18333c;color:#dce8de;padding:22px 25px;margin:0;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;font-size:13px;line-height:2;overflow-x:auto}#pseudocode>.table-note{margin-left:0}.evidence{padding:30px 0 0;margin-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.evidence h2{font-size:23px}.evidence ul{padding-left:20px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.evidence-links{display:flex;gap:10px 22px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:11px;padding:17px 0}.closing{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:20px;color:#39574a;margin-top:24px;padding-top:23px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.site-footer{margin-left:284px;padding:20px 58px 25px 58px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.site-footer a{text-decoration:none}dialog{width:min(1400px,95vw);max-height:93vh;border:0;border-radius:6px;padding:0;box-shadow:0 20px 100px #0005;color:var(--ink)}dialog::backdrop{background:#10222bc9;backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}.dialog-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:13px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:sticky;top:0;background:#fff;z-index:1}.dialog-bar h2{font-size:15px;margin:0}.dialog-bar button{background:#eaf0eb;border:1px solid #ced9ce;border-radius:3px;font-size:12px;padding:5px 12px}.dialog-image{overflow:auto;max-height:76vh;padding:20px}.dialog-image img{width:100%;height:auto;min-width:650px;display:block}dialog>p{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);padding:0 20px;margin:5px 0 10px}@media(min-width:1600px){main{margin-left:calc(284px + (100vw - 1600px)/2)}}@media(max-width:1200px){main{padding:38px 34px;margin-right:8px}.sidebar{width:250px;padding-left:18px}.topbar{padding:0 23px}main{margin-left:250px}.site-footer{margin-left:250px;padding-left:34px}.concept-grid{gap:8px}.concept-grid>div{padding:14px 11px}}@media(max-width:900px){.sidebar{width:250px;transform:translateX(-100%);transition:transform .2s ease;z-index:19;box-shadow:8px 0 20px #102b361f}.sidebar.open{transform:translateX(0)}#toc-toggle{display:block}main{margin:75px auto 0;padding:32px 30px;max-width:840px}.site-footer{margin-left:0;padding:20px 30px}h1{font-size:39px}.eyebrow{font-size:9px}.concept-grid>div{padding:17px}}@media(max-width:580px){body{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9}.topbar{height:65px;padding:0 16px}.brand{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;gap:9px}.brand-mark{width:34px;font-size:25px;line-height:34px}.brand small{font-size:8px}.top-actions{gap:7px}.top-actions button{padding:4px 9px;font-size:10px}.version-dot{display:none}.sidebar{top:65px;width:285px}main{margin-top:65px;padding:26px 20px 40px}html{scroll-padding-top:82px}.eyebrow{display:block;font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1.5px;margin-bottom:19px}.eyebrow span{display:block;margin-top:5px}h1{font-size:31px;letter-spacing:-.8px;line-height:1.2}.subtitle{font-size:18px}.paper-meta{font-size:10px}.hero-links{gap:14px;font-size:11px;margin:20px 0 24px}.primary-link{padding:8px 12px}.takeaway{padding:21px}.takeaway p{font-size:18px;max-width:100%}.takeaway:after{display:none}.abstract p{font-size:14px}.stat-strip{gap:8px;padding:18px 0}.stat-strip>div{padding-left:8px}.stat-strip strong{font-size:28px;white-space:nowrap}.stat-strip strong span{font-size:10px}.stat-strip>div>span{font-size:9px;line-height:1.65}.part-divider{gap:13px;margin-top:17px;padding-top:25px}.part-divider h2{font-size:21px}.part-divider p{font-size:11px}.part-divider>span{font-size:36px}h2{font-size:25px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}h3{font-size:20px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}h4{font-size:17px}.section-kicker{font-size:9px;gap:8px}.source{font-size:9px}.level-2{padding-top:29px}.level-3{padding-top:22px}.concept-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}.concept-grid>div{padding:14px 16px}.concept-grid p{margin-top:5px}.note{padding:14px 16px;font-size:13px}figure{margin:24px -5px}.figure-head{padding:11px 12px;font-size:8px}.zoom{padding:7px}.zoom-hint{font-size:8px;bottom:5px;right:7px}.data-table{margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-5px}.data-table>h4{padding:0 12px}.table-scroll{padding:0 6px}table{font-size:11px;min-width:470px}td,th{padding:9px}.data-table .table-note{margin:12px}.data-table details{margin:0 12px 4px}figcaption{padding:13px 15px;font-size:11px}figcaption strong{font-size:13px}.equation{padding:11px 12px 4px;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-5px}.equation-zoom img{max-height:72px}.equation p{font-size:12px}.review-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.review-grid>div{padding:14px 18px}.judgment-list li{grid-template-columns:74px 1fr;gap:10px}.grade{font-size:9px;padding:5px 6px}.judgment-list b{font-size:14px}.judgment-list p{font-size:12px}.pseudo{padding:17px 15px;font-size:11px}.code-label{padding:11px 15px;font-size:10px}.closing{font-size:18px}.site-footer{padding:18px 20px;font-size:8px}.dialog-bar h2{font-size:12px}.dialog-bar{padding:12px}.dialog-image{padding:10px}dialog{width:97vw}dialog>p{padding:0 12px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}.sidebar{transition:none}}@media print{body{background:white;font-size:10pt}.topbar,.sidebar,.site-footer,#progress,.skip,#toc-toggle,.zoom-hint,dialog,.version-note{display:none!important}main{margin:0;padding:0;max-width:none}h1{font-size:26pt}.hero{padding-top:0}.takeaway{background:#f2f5f0;color:#142d36;border:1px solid #b9cbbf}.takeaway .label{color:#456658}.takeaway p{font-size:13pt}.takeaway:after{display:none}.source{color:#557565}.hero-links{margin:12px 0}.primary-link{background:none;color:#142d36;padding:0}.concept-grid,.review-grid{break-inside:avoid}figure,.data-table,.equation{break-inside:avoid;box-shadow:none}figure .zoom{padding:5px}.zoom img{max-height:260px;object-fit:contain}.equation-zoom img{max-height:42px}h2,h3,h4,h5{break-after:avoid}p{orphans:3;widows:3}.stat-strip{padding:10px 0}.pseudo{background:#f0f4ef;color:#142d36;white-space:pre-wrap}details{display:none}.table-scroll{overflow:visible}table{min-width:0}.section-kicker{margin-top:8px}.paper-section.level-2{padding-top:20px}.source:after{content:''}a{text-decoration:none}.evidence-links{display:none}}